#Bulgaria: Zvichiri nekukurumidza kune #eurozone

Kunyangwe paine kusahadzika muEuropean Union, Bulgaria yaive, kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, yakagadzirira kujoina eurozone 'imba yekumirira'. Nyika yeBalkan yaitarisira kuti chikuru chehutungamiri hwayo hwemwedzi mitanhatu yeEU kuve kupinda kwayo muExchange-Rate Mechanism, inozivikanwa seERM-2 — umo vane tarisiro yeEurozone vanofanira kutora chikamu kweanenge makore maviri, pasina kukakavadzana kwakanyanya kwehupfumi, vasati vakodzera. kutora euro. Mushure mekushanda zvakanyanya uye nekukasira, zvisinei, Sofia ave iye zvino rakasarudzwa kuedza kusaina, vachipomera EU nehasha neEuropean Central Bank (ECB) nekuita zvitsva.

Asi mubvunzo unoramba uripo: Bulgaria yaive yakatogadzirira kupinda panguva iyi yakakosha yekuedzwa?

Nyika ine hurombo muEU, Bulgaria iri kutsvaga kuve iyo Eurozone makumi maviri^th nhengo. Inonakidzwa nerutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuFrance neGermany, uye inosangana nezvinodiwa inodiwa kutora mari imwe chete: bhajeti rekuwedzera, mari yenyika yakasungirirwa kueuro, chikwereti cheveruzhinji pasi peEU cap, uye kuderera kwemitengo inofambirana nezvinangwa zveECB. Izvi zvese zvinoita kuti zvienderane nemitemo yemari yakajairika kupfuura nhengo dzinoverengeka dziripo. Mumashoko weGurukota rezvemari Vladislav Goranov: "Kurangwa kwemari kwakafanana nechitendero muBulgaria."

Asi pane kutyira kuti Bulgaria ingangopinda. Nyika yeBalkan - iyo inotambura nemararamiro akaderera, kukanganisa kwakakomba mudzidzo uye hutano, uye chigadzirwa chepamba pamunhu chingangoita hafu yeavhareji yeEU - yakashatiswa nekupomerwa kwakawanda kwehuori. Chiratidzo chakajeka cheizvi ishumo yeEU Cooperation and Verification Mechanism, yanga ichiongorora shanduko yekutonga kwaSofia uye kurwisa huwori nehutsotsi hwakarongwa kwemakore gumi nerimwe apfuura. Zvichakadaro, vatsoropodzi vanopomera Sofia nekutadza kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kunetsa mabhanga ayo uye mamiriro ebhizinesi. Dzimwe nhengo dzeEU dzingaite zvakanaka kuenderera mberi nekuchenjerera.

Banking chikamu chakakosha chekunetseka. Makore mana chete mushure meimwe yemabhangi makuru eBulgaria rawa, hapana mukuru mukuru ati abatwa nemhosva. Corporate Commercial Bank (Corpbank) yakabhuroka muna 2014 pakati pekunyomba kwemari muBulgaria kubva kuma1990. Dambudziko iri raisanganisira kubirwa kwemari inosvika bhiriyoni imwe nemazana matatu emadhora, zvichimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pekusimba kwebhanga reBulgaria uye kuratidza hukama husina chokwadi pakati pevakuru vebhizinesi nevezvematongerwo enyika. Zvichitevera mhirizhonga iyi, Bulgaria yakatsvaga kupinda mumubatanidzwa wemabhanga nekuisa mabhanga ayo pasi peECB, asi zvirongwa zvakambomira.

Huori ndiyo imwe nzvimbo iri kunetsa, sekusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekuzvipira kweBulgaria mukutonga kwemutemo. Nyika yave nemukurumbira seimwe yeEU nyika dzakawanda dzine huori. Vatsoropodzi vanosimbirira kuti, isati yatora euro, Bulgaria inofanirwa kuenzanisa hupfumi hwayo nenyika dzakapfuma dzekuMadokero uye kuratidza kugona kwayo kudonhedza vatungamiriri vakabiridzira.

Chokwadi, kukwirira kwepamusoro-soro uye hurongwa hwekutonga husina kunaka hunogona kukonzera matambudziko kune dzimwe nhengo dzeEU. Kuwana tarisiro yeECB pamusoro pebhanga renyika haisi vimbiso yekuti kutamba kwakashata kuchabviswa. Chimbotarisa kudonha kwebhangi mukati Rativhiya - imwe eurozone state - zvichitevera kupomerwa chiokomuhomwe, kuba mari nekubatsira North Korea. Uyezve, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, Bulgaria ichiri pasi pechirongwa cheEU kusimbisa hurongwa hwekutonga kwenyika; Ongororo gore rapfuura yakanongedza nzvimbo dzakawanda kwaichiri kufanira kutorwa.

Zvichida hazvishamise, tichifunga nezvenyaya idzi, mari yekune dzimwe nyika muBulgaria inoramba ichirova - nekuderera kwakanyanya muFDI kubva ku1.2 bhiriyoni muna 2015 kusvika € 682.8m gore rapfuura. Mumwedzi mina yekutanga ye2018, vatengesi vekunze akabva inodarika € 160m eof investment kubva kuBulgaria - chiratidzo chakashata chezvirongwa zvenguva refu zvebhizinesi munyika. Mabhizinesi ari kunetsa nekuda kwehuwori, kuteedzerwa kwekondirakiti, kodzero dzezvivakwa uye nzira dzematare dzakazarurwa kupesvedzera.

Zviverengero zvinopa mufananidzo usingavimbisi. Bulgaria gore rakapera akawira 11 nzvimbo kusvika pachi50 muWorld Bank's Rese of Doing Business rankings. Maererano neTransparency International's Corruption perceptions index, Bulgaria ndiyo nyika ine huori hwakanyanya muEU. Sofia ave kumutsiridza hurongwa hwemabhiriyoni emaeuro hwegwenya renyukireya rakavakwa neRussia kuBelene urwo mutungamiriri wehurumende yeBulgaria aimbove. yakatsanangurwa se "hurongwa hwehuori hwezana remakore".

Chirongwa ichi chasimudza ziso muBrussels nemamwe maguta makuru eEurope, zvakanyanya nekuti chauya panguva iyo hurumende yakapokana nezvibvumirano zviviri zvekutenga magetsi neUS-based AES neUK-based ContourGlobal - iyo inomhanyisa zvigadziriso zvemazuva ano zvinopa magetsi asingadhure. sezvaizoita Belene. Kunyange hazvo hurumende yakaendesa maPPA ese ari maviri kubazi reCommissioner General for Competition achida rubatsiro rwehurumende zvisiri pamutemo, makambani aya anoti kukanzura zvibvumirano izvi kuchaita kuti mari yawo isaite pundutso, uye zvichakanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi munyika.

Aka hakasi kekutanga kuti investor wekune dzimwe nyika arwisane nevakuru vane simba munyika. Pakutanga gore rino, zvinopesana nemutemo weEU, hurumende yeBulgaria yakapomerwa kupindira muchibvumirano chaisanganisira kutengesa zvinhu zveČEZ. Chiitiko ichi chinodhura chakakonzera kushushikana kukuru pamusoro pehuori mumatunhu epamusoro ehurumende. Iyo Bulgarian Energy Minister gare gare akazvipira kusiya basa mushure mekubvuma kuti muridzi wekambani yeBulgaria inoronga kutenga zvinhu zveČEZ anga ari shamwari yake kwemakore makumi maviri. Panguva iyoyo, Transparency International akati kubatanidzwa kwe "guta risingazivikanwe rinobva kumakambani ekumahombekombe" kwakaunza "njodzi huru kune kuchengetedzwa kwenyika". Varatidziri vayo vakayambira pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwemakambani ane zvimiro zvisina kujeka zvevaridzi izvo zvinogona kuve nechekuita mu "shady patronage network".

Nepo Sofia achinatsurudza hurongwa hwayo hwekupinda muERM-2, sarudzo yekupedzisira yeEU ichaita ruzha kupfuura miganhu yeBulgaria. Nyika inogona kusangana neMaastricht maitiro asi kare zvinoda kuchenjerera zvine zvikonzero. Kune rimwe divi, Brussels inofanirwa kutamba zvakaringana uye kubvumidza Bulgaria kuti ijoinhe kirabhu yemari imwe chete kana kukodzera kwaitwa, kwete kuvharira chikamu chiri kukura chekumabvazuva-kumadokero uye kurwisa dambudziko rekondinendi rese rekuvimba muEU. Panguva imwecheteyo, Bulgaria inofanirwa kugadzirisa imba yayo. Kuti uite izvi, tsigiro uye kudzvanywa kubva kuEU neECB haifanire kuremba.

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