Mafungiro: Kurwiswa kweCyber ​​​​kuFinland yambiro kuEU

By Keir Giles, Shamwaridzana Shamwari, Kuchengetedzwa Kwenyika Dzese uye Russia uye Eurasia Chirongwa (mufananidzo)

Finland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA) yakave yakaomeswa uye yakabudirira cyber kurwiswa kwakanangana nekutora hungwaru hwezvematongerwo enyika mumakore akati wandei, izvo zvingangove zvakakanganisawo dzimwe nyika dzeEU. Kutyorwa kweiyo MFA's data network kwanga kwatove kuferefetwa zvichitevera kuwanikwa kwayakaitwa kutanga kwegore rino, asi kuburitswa kwevezvenhau vekuFinnish kwakamanikidza hurumende kuti iende kuruzhinji pamusoro pekutyorwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwacho kusati kwarongwa. Mamiriro ekurwiswa aya anoratidza kuti, nepo Finland iriyo yekutanga kuita chiziviso chakadai, masangano ehurumende nemakambani muEU nekupfuura anogona kutevedzera.

Kurwiswa kwacho kwakatsanangurwa seyakanyanya kuenderera mberi kutyisidzira (APT) kupinda kwakafanana, asi kwakanyanya kupfuura, iyo Red October cyber espionage network yakashumwa neKaspersky Lab kumashure muna Ndira. Tsvuku Gumiguru yaive nekugovewa kwakafara, zvichikanganisa huwandu hukuru hweakasiyana emakambani, esainzi uye hurumende tarisiro muEurope, North America neCentral Asia kwemakore akati wandei. Yakagadzirirwa kukohwa hungwaru hwezvematongerwo enyika hunosanganisira magwaro akajeka, magwaro ekuwana macomputer masisitimu, uye data kubva kune nharembozha nemidziyo yetiweki. Munyika inokurumidza uye isingatarisike yekukonana kwecyber, zvishandiso zvitsva uye zvombo zvinowanzopihwa zita necyber security laboratory iyo inotanga deconstructs nekuzvitsanangura mushure mekunge zvawanikwa.

Parizvino, hapana munhu kunze kwehurumende yeFinnish ari kubvuma kuti akaziva iyi nyowani uye yakaomesesa cyber kutyisidzira, izvo zvinoreva kuti hazvisati zvajeka kuti chii chinoita kuti iwedzere kupfuura Red Gumiguru. Chinangwa chechangobva kuitika cyber infiltration inoita kunge yaive masisitimu eMFA ane hukama hwekunze, kusanganisira kunyanya kutaurirana nedzimwe nyika dzeEU. Vakuru vekuFinnish vakataura nezvekutaura kwevamiriri kuri kukanganisika, asi vakati hapana ruzivo rwakanyanya pamusoro pemanetiweki emukati rwakakanganiswa.

Iyo MFA's data network yanga yave pasi peiyi nyowani uye yakanyanya kuomesesa cyber operation kweanofungidzirwa makore matatu kusvika mana kurwiswa kusati kwaonekwa kutanga kwegore rino. Kuwanikwa kwacho kwakachengetwa kwakavanzika kuitira kuti kuferefetwa kunoenderera mberi. Finnish Defence Ministry masosi anoti zvisina kufanira kuti Finland yakapihwa kurwiswa kwayambiro kubva kune wekune imwe nyika, inofungidzirwa kuve yeSweden FRA inosaina agency yehungwaru. Maererano neMFA's Chief Information Officer Ari Uusikartano, 'dzimwe [nyika] dzinoverengeka dzinotarisana nedambudziko rimwe chete [...] Zvinogoneka zvikuru kuti vose vakabatwa havasati vadzidza kuti vakabatwa nekurwiswa uku.' Izvi zvinotevera kuti vadyidzani veFinland uye vanobatana vanogona kunge vachiongorora nekukurumidza kudzivirira kwenetiweki yavo muchiedza cheruzivo rutsva rwekutyisidzira, uye kugadzirira kudzikamisa kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekutyorwa kwekuchengetedza, uye kunyadziswa kwezvematongerwo enyika uko network nehurongwa hunofanirwa kuita. chengetedzwa yakachengeteka yakanga isina.

Mhosva uye Attribution

Iyo yakanangana nekutaurirana kweFinland nedzimwe nyika dzeEU inosimbisa mushumo wepagore wekupedzisira naSupo, dhipatimendi remapurisa reFinnish rinotarisira kupokana nehungwaru, iro rakacherekedza kuwedzera kwechiitiko chehungwaru kurwisa nyika uye hukama hwayo hwenyika, kusanganisira neEU neNATO. , 'zvainyanya kunangwa nevezvematongerwo enyika'. Kunyangwe iyo Supo shumo isina kutaura nezveRussia, chero mukana wehukama hwepedyo pakati peFinland neNATO kunyanya inyaya iri pachena yekukoshesa kufarira masevhisi eRussia ehungwaru.

Iko kupindira kunoratidza imwe yematambudziko makuru ekurwiswa kwecyber, iyo yekutaura nechivimbo kuti ndiani ari kupara mhosva. Pamutemo, hapana munhu muFinland ari kupa mhosva, kunze kwekutaura kuti kurwiswa kwacho ibasa rebasa rehungwaru rekune dzimwe nyika. Sezvakataurwa naAri Uusikartano, kuitira kupomera, 'tinofanira kukwanisa kuve nechivimbo chakakwana pamabviro eanorwisa'. Chivimbo chakakwana chakadaro hachibviri kuwanwa. Kureruka uko vanogadzira cyber-chombo vanogona kuvhara kuzivikanwa kwavo kana kutevedzera mapato echitatu uye kuomerwa kwekutsvaga kumashure kuti chombo chakaunzwa sei kune chinangwa chayo kusanganisa kuita kunongedzera pachena kweminwe kushoma. Kwenguva yakareba sekunzwana kwezvematongerwo enyika kuchida humbowo hwakakura hwemhosva yekukanganisa cyber chiitiko, kupomera Russia, kana chero imwe nyika, hazvigoneke kugamuchira mvumo yeruzhinji.

Kuziviswa kwekurwiswa kwevezvenhau veFinland kwakanyadzisa hurumende uye sezviri pachena kwakabata mamwe masangano anofarira asina kugadzirira. Sarudzo yekusazivisa kurwiswa nekukasira yakatsamwisa vezvematongerwo enyika nevakuru vakuru veFinland. Hapana imwe hurumende yati yabvuma kukanganiswa kana kunangwa nenzira imwechete yekurwisa. Asi kuenzanisa kwatove kwakatorwa neRed October kushandiswa kwemaitiro, uye zvakataurwa nevakuru veFinnish pamusoro pemamiriro epasi rose ekunangwa, anoratidza kuti Finnish MFA inogona kunge iri yekutanga yehuwandu hwakawanda hwemataneti akakanganiswa kuti abvume pachena. Zvimwe zviziviso zvekutyorwa kwedata kuhurumende nemasangano emakambani muEU yose zvinogona kutevera; vatariri vezveruzivo muEurope yese pasina mubvunzo vachange vachiongorora kuchengetedzeka kwemanetiweki avo vachipesana netyisidziro nyowani, uye vachishanda nesimba kudzikamisa chero kukuvara kungangoitika.

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