EU Kuwana Mazuva Emari: Kubatsira kuumba musika wemari weSME-ushamwari

Kuwanikwa kwechikwereti kumabhizinesi asiri emari mueurozone iko zvino kwave pakaderera kubva pakatanga kukoromoka kwechikwereti, sekureva kwazvino. nhamba kubva kuEuropean Central Bank. Mabhizinesi madiki nepakati, ayo EU inotsamira pa85% yemabasa matsva mubazi rakazvimirira, ari kunyanya kukanganiswa nekudzikira uku sezvo vasingakwanise kuisa mari kana kuwedzera mabhizinesi avo chero bedzi mamiriro ezvikwereti achiramba akaoma. Naizvozvo, European Commission iri kutora nhanho kukurumidza kudzikamisa gaka remusika mukupihwa kweSME mari nekupa € 3.5 bhiriyoni yekuwedzera mari yeSME gore rega rega kubva 2014 kusvika 2020, vachishandisa iyo itsva Competitiveness of Enterprises uye SMEs chirongwa (COSME). Kuti COSME ibudirire zvakakosha kuti kudyidzana kunoshanda pakati pemasangano eEU nemasangano ezvemari anopa maSME kuwana kiredhiti kugadzirwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weCommssion, Antonio Tajani, komisheni webhizinesi neindasitiri, achavhura nhasi (18 Gumiguru) muRome zvakatevedzana zviitiko - EU Kuwanikwa Kwemazuva Emari - kutsanangura kuti zvishandiso zvitsva zveCOSME zvemari zvichashanda sei uye kukurudzira zvemari zvine mukurumbira. vatengesi vemusika kuti vave vamiriri veCOSME.

EU Access to Finance Days ichave yakarongeka mumatunhu ose eEU kubva pakuvhuvhuta 2013 kusvika kumagumo e2014. Chiitiko chinotevera chichava muVilnius, Lithuania musi wa5 Mbudzi 2013.

Vatauri vane mukurumbira pamazuva ano "Kuwana Zuva reMari" muRome vanosanganisira Flavio Zanonato, Gurukota reItaly reKuvandudza Economic; Dario Scannapieco, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weEuropean Investment Bank; Luigi Federico Signorini, Mutevedzeri Mukuru-Mukuru weBhangi reItaly; Giovanni Sabatini, Mutungamiriri Mukuru weItaly Banking Association; Aurelio Regina, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weConfindustria; naRichard Pelly, CEO weEuropean Investment Fund. Chiitiko ichi chicharatidzawo zviitiko zvakatarisana neSME zveEuropean Investment Bank uye zvimwe zvirongwa zveEU zvinotsigira maSME.

Rumwe ruzivo nezve EU Kuwana kuMazuva Emari.

Chii chinonzi COSME chirongwa chitsva? Chii chinozopa maSME?

Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri Tajani akasimbisa nhasi kuti Chirongwa cheKukwikwidza kweMabhizinesi nemaSME (COSME), icho chichaitwa pakati pa2014 na2020, ndicho chekutanga chirongwa cheEuropean Commission chakazvipira kutsigira maSME. COSME ndiyo yekutanga uye yakakosha chishandiso chekuvandudza kuwanikwa kwemari kune maSME, kutsigira kudyidzana kwavo nedzimwe nyika uye kuvandudza kuwana kwavo kumisika.

COSME ichanyanya kuenderera mberi nemabasa akabudirira eazvino Kukwikwidza uye Innovation Framework Chirongwa (CIP), asi ine chinangwa chekupindura zvirinani kune zvinodiwa neSMEs, nekutarisa mamwe ari munjodzi mapoka emabhizinesi madiki ayo ari kushomeka nemusika.

60% yeCOSME inofungidzirwa bhajeti ye €2.3 bn ichave yakatsaurirwa kune zvemari zviridzwa, ichipa garandi uye venture capital, nechinangwa chekukurudzira kuyerera kwechikwereti nekudyara muchikamu cheSME. COSME ichapa garandi nzvimbo yezvikwereti zveSME zvekusvika pa150 000 €, paine tarisiro kumaSME ayo aizonetseka kuwana mari. COSME's equity nzvimbo inosimudzira kupihwa kweveventure capital, ichinyanya kutarisa pakuwedzera uye kukura kweSMEs.

Tsigiro yeCOSME ichaendeswa kumaSME kuburikidza nevamiriri vezvemari vane mukurumbira munyika dziri kutora chikamu - senge mabhanga, makambani ekurenda, masangano anovimbisana kana venture capital fund - kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chikwereti chiri nyore kuwana sezvinobvira. Kuitira kuenderana nekusiyana kwemusika wemari weSME muEurope, COSME inobvumira vanopindirana nemari kuti vagadzire zvigadzirwa zvega zvinonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zveSME mumusika wavo.

Bhajeti yeCOSME ichachengetedzawo akawanda ezvirongwa zvakabudirira zvakagara zviripo, kusanganisira kupa mari pamwe chete yeEuropean Enterprise Network, ine mahofisi ayo anodarika mazana matanhatu muEU nekupfuura. COSME ichatsigirawo kudyidzana kwenyika dzeSMEs, Erasmus yeVadiki Entrepreneurs, dzidzo yebhizimusi, IPR Helpdesks uye kudzikiswa kwemutoro wekutonga.

Ona hurukuro yakazara naVP Tajani

Ndezvipi zvinotarisirwa zvinokonzerwa neCOSME?

Kukanganisa kwechirongwa kuchave kwakakura. Zvishandiso zvemari zvinotsigirwa neCOSME zvinofanirwa kukonzera kuwedzera kwepagore kwe € 3.5 bhiriyoni mukuwedzera kukweretesa kune uye / kana kudyara mumakambani eEU. Gore rega rega, COSME inotarisirwa kubatsira mukuwedzera kweEU GDP ye1.1 bhiriyoni, uye kubatsira 40 000 mafemu mukugadzira kana kuchengetedza mabasa zviuru makumi matatu nekutanga 30 000 bhizinesi idzva zvigadzirwa, masevhisi kana maitiro.

Yakajairika SME anogamuchira: Vasingasviki gumi vashandi, € 10 65 chikwereti chakapihwa

Pasi pechirongwa chekare cheEuropean Commission chekutsigira kukwikwidza (CIP), vimbiso dzechikwereti dzakashandiswa kukurudzira kukweretesa kune vezvemabhizinesi kana mabhizinesi madiki ayo kazhinji aisave nechikwereti chakakwana kuti awane chikwereti. Zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zve220 000 SMEs kubva kuEurope yose vaive vabatsiri veCIP kusvika pakupera kwa2012 vaive nevashandi gumi kana vashoma; chaizvo chikamu chinowana zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana chikwereti. Asi nekuda kweCIP, avhareji yechikwereti chakavimbiswa makambani madiki aya akatambira chaive 10 65 €. Pakupera kwaZvita 000, zvishandiso zvezvemari zveCIP zvakange zvaunganidzira mari inodarika bhiriyoni gumi nematatu ezvikwereti uye inodarika 2012 bhiriyoni mubhizimusi rekutanga. Mabhenefiti akafanana achawanikwa pasi peCOSME, akadzikiswa nenyaya yekuti COSME ichanyanya kunanga maSME ayo pasina rutsigiro rwayo anganetseka kuwana mari yekunze.

Kuwana mari 'yakaoma zvakanyanya' kune maSME

Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti maSME eEU anovimba zvakanyanya nezvikwereti zvebhanga kuti awane mari yekunze uye kuti ane dzimwe nzira shoma: 30% yemakambani ari kushandisa zvikwereti zvebhangi uye 40% mitsara yechikwereti yekubhangi kana zvivako zveoverdraft. Pa63% yezvikwereti zvebhangi zveSMEs zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mari yekunze mhinduro yekuzadzisa zvishuwo zvemafemu. Mukuderera kwehupfumi mabhanga ave kuwedzera njodzi-averse, achikumbira miganho yepamusoro yenjodzi uye achipa mamwe anodiwa mamiriro. Kunetsa kuwana kiredhiti kuri pakati pezvinonetsa (15%) zveSMEs: maererano ongororo yazvino neEuropean Commission chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheSMEs havana kuwana mari yavakanga varonga. Zvichangoburwa European Central Bank (ECB) data zvinoratidza kuti kukweretesa kwese kumasangano akazvimirira ega anoramba asina simba.

Nei tichida chirongwa chakananga kutsigira SME mari

Zvisinei nekukosha kwavo kuhupfumi, maSME anotarisana nematambudziko munzvimbo yekuwana mari, zvakanyanya nekuda kweasymmetries yeruzivo. Nepo maSME achikwanisa kuvaka makesi ebhizinesi akasimba ekugadzira uye kuwedzera mabhizinesi avo, vanokweretesa vanowanzove vasina kushongedzerwa kuongorora njodzi dzine chekuita nemabhizinesi emhando dzeSME uye vanowanzoita sarudzo dzekukweretesa dzinobva pahuwandu hwemari. Asi maSME mazhinji haana mashizha akasimba akakwana kuti asangane negwara rekubvumidza kukweretesa kwebhangi, kunyanya kana kukosha kweSME kwakabatwa muhungwaru hwezvinhu, hwaro hwevatengi hwakakwana kana dzimwe nzira dzisingakwanise kubatwa nerepoti yemari.

Mhedzisiro yedambudziko rechikwereti zvakare yakanganisa zvakanyanya kukweretesa kune maSME. Kuenzaniswa nemakambani makuru, maSME agara akatarisana nematambudziko ezvimiro munzvimbo yekuwana mari. Asi nyaya idzi dzawedzerwa nekunetsa kwemari. Mumakore maviri apfuura, maererano nehuwandu kubva kuECB, chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheSMEs vaikumbira zvikwereti zvebhangi zvakarambwa kana kuti vakapedzisira vawana zvishoma pane zvavakakumbira.

Vabatsiri vezvemari ndivo vanokosha pakurarama

EU inoshandisa zvese mutemo uye bhajeti shoma reEU kurwisa kusada kwazvino kuita kuisa mari nekukweretesa kumaSME. Maitiro maviri akajairwa anotorwa, chekutanga kutsigira kupihwa kwezvikwereti zveSME - nekudaro kuvandudza kuwanikwa kwechikwereti - uye chechipiri kukurudzira kudyara mumaSME, semuenzaniso kuburikidza nekudyara pamwe nemari yemabhizimusi.

Kuwana rubatsiro rwechikwereti kunoitwa kuburikidza nevamiriri vezvemari vakasarudzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhanga, ma lessors, mutual guarantees societies, microfinance providers uye venture capital funds. EU inovimbisa chikamu chenjodzi dzavanoita uye ruzivo runoratidza kuti kutora chikamu muEU kuwana zvirongwa zvemari zvinoreva kuti vanopa zvikwereti zveSME zvakawanda kupfuura zvavaizoita neimwe nzira. Iyi nzira inoburitsawo simba repamusoro: chirongwa cheCIP chakaona kuti €1 yega yega yakashandiswa neEU pazvivimbiso zvinoshandiswa nevamiriri vezvemari vachikweretesa maSME zvakaita kuti € 30 iwanikwe kukambani inobatsirwa.

Kunze kweiyi miitiro yekuwedzera, kushandisa vamiriri vezvemari kunopawo zvimwe zvikomborero: kukanganiswa kwepolicy, sezvo vamiriri vezvemari vanotora chikamu vanonyorera kune yakasimba SME kiredhiti ekusimudzira mamiriro uye nekudaro vanobatsira mukutsvaga kweEU marongero; uye zvakare kuwana kumasangano "kuziva-sei" muchimiro cheunyanzvi huripo hwevamiriri vezvemari.

Zvimwe sei mari yeSME ichatsigirwa neEU?

COSME ichawedzerwa nemari yekutsvagisa-uye mabhizinesi anofambiswa nehunyanzvi pasi pechirongwa cheHorizon 2020.

Matanho akawanda achaitwa zvakare neEIB Group (iyo European Investment Bank neEuropean Investment Fund) uye ichapihwa mukati mehurongwa hweEuropean Structural and Investment Funds kana pasi pePurogiramu Yebasa neSocial Innovation uye ichabatanidzwa kune zvinangwa zvepolicy.

Chibvumirano paBasel III chichaita kuti zvikwereti zvebhangi zvirambe zviripo kumaSME

European Commission yakurudzirawo mutemo wekuvandudza kushanda kwemisika yemari. Chibvumirano chasvika pakuwongorora kweCapital Requirements Directive, Basel III (ona MEMO/13/338).

Hurongwa hutsva huchaita kuti mabhanga awedzere kusimba. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuyerera kwakakodzera kwechikwereti kune maSME mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ehupfumi aripo, mitemo mitsva ichaunza kuderedzwa kwemari yekubhadhara mari yebhengi kuratidzwa kweSMEs, kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwe0.76 inotsigira chinhu. Izvi zvinopa masangano echikwereti nekurudziro yakakodzera yekuwedzera chikwereti chiripo kumaSME. Iko kugadzikana kwemari kuri nani kwemabhanga edu, kwakanangwa neBasel III, hakuzokonzeri kurambidzwa kwechikwereti kumabhizinesi madiki mazhinji.

Kubatanidzwa kuri nani kweiyo venture capital market

A Regulation on European venture capital funds yakagamuchirwa muna Kubvumbi 2013 (MUTONGO (EU) No 345/2013) ichaita kuti venture capitalists ishande zvakanyanya mukati meEU. Nerubatsiro rweEuropean passport fund mamaneja vanogona kushambadzira mari yavo muEU. Izvi zvinogonesa kuyambuka-muganho fundraising uye kugadzira musika chaiwo wemukati we venture capital funds.

onawo MEMO/13/209.

Kuvandudza SME kuwana kumisika yemari

Nekubatsira kukwezva mari yakazvimirira, European Commission inodawo kugadzira hwaro hwekuita, kusiyanisa uye kunatsiridza mari yenguva refu yemaSME. Imwe yemhinduro ndeyekuvandudza maSME kuwana kumisika mikuru: vanoisa mari vanogona kukurudzirwa kuita mari yakawanda mumaSME kuburikidza nemisika inooneka yeSME uye mamwe anooneka akanyorwa maSME uye epakati-caps.

Zvikumbiro zviviri zvichangoburwa zvekukwezva vanoisa mari kuburikidza nemisika inooneka yeSME uye mamwe anooneka akanyorwa maSME:

• Chikumbiro cheMasika muFinancial Instruments Directive (MiFID) kusimudzira kusimukira kwemisika yemasheya ane hunyanzvi mumaSME. (ona IP/11/1219 uye MEMO/11/716)
• Chikumbiro chekugadziriswa kweTransparency Directive kuti ipe ruzivo rwuri nani pane akanyorwa maSME.

Zviito zveEU kusvika parizvino kuwedzera kukweretesa kune maSME

Kubva musi wa31 Zvita 2012, EU's Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme yakanga yaunganidza mari inodarika bhiriyoni gumi neshanu kuti ibatsire maSME.

1. Nebhajeti re1.1 bhiriyoni, chirongwa cheCIP chakatobatsira kuunganidza anopfuura bhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu emadhora emaSME muEurope yese.
2. SME vimbiso nzvimbo (SMEG); nekuda kwezvirongwa zvayo zvekuvimbisa, CIP yakatobatsira anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi maviri ezviuru maSME kuwana mari inodarika bhiriyoni gumi nematatu ezvikwereti.
3. Kukura kwepamusoro uye hunyanzvi hweSME nzvimbo (GIF): CIP-inotsigirwa nemari yekudyara mune venture capital homwe, yakatotsigirwa yekudyara mune anopfuura mazana matatu ekukura nekukurumidza maSME eanodarika €300 bhiriyoni.

Iyo CIP inoshanda sei

Chirongwa cheCIP (kubva muna 2007-2013) chakabatsira maSME kuwana mari yavanoda kuti vashande, kusimudzira kana kukura padanho rakasiyana rebudiriro.

CIP inovavarira kuita kuti mari yeSMEs ive nyore kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kweiyo inonyanya kukosha chiteshi cheSME mari yekunze: chikwereti chebhangi. Izvi zvakakosha zvakanyanya kune ruzhinji rweSMEs. Chirongwa ichi chinopawo matanho akatarisana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvemaSME ane hukuru hwekukura, iyo mari yekudyara inogona kuve yakanyatsokodzera mari.

Midziyo yezvemari yeCIP inotungamirwa neEuropean Investment Fund kuburikidza nevanopindirana nemari yenyika nedzedunhu (semumabhangi uye mari dzemabhizimusi) munyika dziri nhengo.

Iyo dhizaini yechirongwa inounganidza masangano emari kuti ape imwe mari kune maSME.

Chikwereti chinovimbisa: EU-inotsigirwa zvikwereti zvinowanikwa kune maSME

1. Mafemu madiki nemadiki ane mukana wekungowana imwe yemari yavakakumbira kubva kusangano rinokweretesa (mumiriri wezvemari), uye, kazhinji, kurambwa zvachose. Tsigiro inowanikwa nenzira yezvikwereti zvinotsigirwa neEU.
2. Guarantees inopihwa kumabhanga inopa maSME kuwana zvikwereti zvebhangi
3. pasi peSME Guarantee Facility (SMEG) nzvimbo inokweretesa inogona kugamuchira EU vimbiso kana ichida kukweretesa kune maSME. Iine EU garandi yebhangi inogona kukweretesa kune ine njodzi chikamu chevatengi (makambani madiki, vatengesi vasina nhoroondo yechikwereti, rubatso rwakakwana, nezvimwewo) kana kungokweretesa zvimwe kumaSME.

Kuvandudzwa kwekuwana mari ye equity

1. Makambani madiki-diki, ane ruzivo rwakanyanya anosanganisira chikamu chenjodzi, iyo isingawanzo kugamuchirwa nevanopa mari yechinyakare uye nekudaro vanoda rubatsiro rwakagadzirirwa - kunze kwechikwereti chebhangi.
2. Hafu yezviwanikwa zveCIP zvakapirwa kuSME kuwana mari inodyarwa neEuropean Investments Fund mumari yemari yemari iyo, inodyara mukutanga-up uye maSME ane hukuru hwekukura.
3. Kukura kwepamusoro uye hunyanzvi hweSME nzvimbo (GIF) inopa capital - kazhinji muhurongwa hwemamiriyoni emaEuro - kune maSME ehunyanzvi mumatanho akasiyana ebudiriro.

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