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Refocusing EU cohesion policy yekunyanya kukanganisa pakukura nemabasa: The reform in 10 points

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Published

13 makore apfuura

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Logo CE_Vertical_EN_quadriKana bhajeti reEU ra 2014-2020 rasimbiswa neParamende yeEuropean pamwe nenyika dzenhengo, mutemo wekubatana uchaisa € 325 bhiriyoni mumatunhu nemaguta eEurope kuendesa zvinangwa zveEU-yakakura zvekukura nemabasa, pamwe nekugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kutsamira kwesimba. Izvi zvinozosimudzira zviwanikwa zvenyika nedunhu zvakakosha zvinokwana €100bn, pakudyara kwese kunotarisirwa kunodarika €400bn.

Shanduko yeCohesion Policy ichave nechokwadi chekukanganisa kwekudyara, kuchinjirwa kune zvinodiwa nemunhu mumatunhu nemaguta. Zvinhu zvakakoshera pakuvandudzwa uku, kana zvatsinhirwa neParamende neKanzuru, ndezvi:

  1. Kuisa mari mumatunhu ese eEU uye kugadzirisa mwero werutsigiro uye mupiro wenyika (co-financing rate) kune yavo nhanho yebudiriro:
  • Matunhu asina kusimukira (GDP <75% yeEU-27 avhareji)
  • Matunhu ekuchinja (GDP 75% kusvika 90% yeEU-27 avhareji)
  • Mamwe Matunhu Akasimukira (GDP> 90% yeEU-27 avhareji)
  1. Kutarisa zviwanikwa pazvikamu zvakakosha zvekukura: mari pasi peEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ichave yakatarisana nehunyanzvi uye tsvagiridzo, dhijitari ajenda, tsigiro yemabhizinesi madiki nepakati (SMEs) uye yakaderera-kabhoni hupfumi zvichienderana nechikamu chedunhu (Isina Kukudziridzwa: 50%, Shanduko: 60%, uye Zvakawanda Yakagadziridzwa: 80% ).

Pahupfumi hwekabhoni yakaderera (simba remagetsi uye renewables) pane zvisungo zvakaparadzana zvekutsaurira zviwanikwa zveERDF (Nzvimbo Dzisina Kukudziridzwa: 12%, Shanduko uye Mamwe matunhu akasimukira: 20%).

Inosvika 23.1% yebhajeti yeCohesion Policy (kureva kuti inotenderedza € 80 bhiriyoni) ichagoverwa kune investimendi pasi peEuropean Social Fund (ESF) kupa mari yekudzidziswa uye kudzidza kweupenyu hwese, kurwisa urombo uye kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevanhu, uye kubatsira vanhu kuwana basa. Yakatenderedza € 66 bhiriyoni ichave yakatarisana neiyo yekutanga Trans-European zvifambiso zvinongedzo uye akakosha mapurojekiti ezvakatipoteredza kuburikidza neCohesion Fund.

  1. Kugadzirisa zvakajeka, pachena, zvinoyerwa zvinangwa uye zvinangwa zvekuzvidavirira uye mhedzisiro: Kufambira mberi kune izvi zvinangwa kuchareva imwe mari ("performance reserve") inowanikwa kune zvirongwa kusvika pakupera kwenguva. Zvinangwa uye zvinonangwa zvinofanirwa kuburitswa kuitira kuzvidavirira kwakawanda.
  1. Kuunza mamiriro emari mari isati yaendeswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekudyara kwakanaka. Semuyenzaniso, "smart specialisation" mazano ekuona zvinhu zvakati, bhizimisi rinogadzirisa zvinhu, marongero ekufambisa, matanho ekuvandudza hurongwa hwekutengwa kweveruzhinji kana kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza ndizvo zvinodiwa.
  1. Kugadzira hurongwa hwakafanana hwekudyidzana kwakawanda uye kupindirana kushoma: A Common Strategic Framework inopa hwaro hwekudyidzana kuri nani pakati peEuropean Structural and Investment Funds (ERDF, Cohesion Fund neESF sehomwe nhatu dziri pasi peCohesion Policy pamwe neRural Development neFisheries mari). Izvi zvinobatanidzawo zvirinani kune zvimwe zviridzwa zveEU zvakaita seHorizon 2020 uye Kubatanidza Europe Facility.
  1. Kucheka matepi matsvuku uye kurerutsa kushandiswa kwekudyara kweEU: kuburikidza neyakajairwa seti yemitemo kune ese ESI Funds pamwe neyakapfava mitemo yeakaunzi, zvakanyanya kunangwa zvekushuma zvinodiwa uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwedhijitari ('e-cohesion').
  1. Kusimudzira chimiro chemudhorobha chegwaro iri nekutara hushoma hwezviwanikwa pasi peERDF kuti zvishandiswe muzvirongwa zvakabatanidzwa mumaguta - pamusoro peimwe mari inoshandiswa mumaguta.
  1. Kusimbisa kushandira pamwe kumiganhu uye kuita kuti kumisikidzwa kwemamwe mapurojekiti ekuyambuka muganhu kuve nyore. Zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuti macro-regional mazano seDanube neBaltic Sea anotsigirwa nezvirongwa zvenyika nedunhu. ´
  1. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda yehupfumi yakakura haisi kukanganisa kukanganisa kwekudyara kweEU. Kana zvichidikanwa, Komisheni inogona kukumbira nyika dzenhengo - pasi peicho chinodaidzwa kuti macro-economic conditionality clause - kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekutsigira shanduko dzakakosha kana, sechisarudzo chekupedzisira, inogona kumisa mari kana kurudziro yehupfumi ichidzokororwa uye yatyorwa zvakanyanya.
  1. Kukurudzira kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemidziyo yemari kupa maSME rutsigiro rwakawanda uye kuwana kiredhiti. Zvikwereti, vimbiso uye equity/venture capital ichatsigirwa nemari yeEU kuburikidza nemitemo yakajairwa kune ese mari, kuwedzera kwechikamu chavo uye kupa zvinokurudzira (yepamusoro co-financing rates). Kukosheswa kwezvikwereti panzvimbo pezvipo kunofanirwa kuvandudza kunaka kweprojekiti uye kurambidza kutsamira kwerubatsiro.

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