Pakusimbisa cyber zvinogumbura masimba, EU nhengo dzeEU hadzigone kumirira mushure meBrussels

Dziviriro yeEuropean cyber haina simba uye isina njodzi. Munguva ino yekusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, makomputa ekondinendi yedu ari kugara madhadha kune vanoba uye nyika dzine utsinye. Tinofanira kuzvidzivirira pachedu zviri nani, anonyora Antonia-Laura Pup.

Nepo iyo bloc yakafambira mberi mukusimbisa imwe cyber kudzivirira zvivakwa, kusanganisira kuburikidza neazvino Cyber ​​Resilience Act, EU inoramba ichisaririra kumashure kweRussia, China, neUnited States mukugadzira hunyanzvi hwekushandisa dandemutande. Iri idambudziko riri nyore kugadzirisa. Zvinongoreva kusunungura mitemo kuitira kuti nhengo dzeEU dzishande pamwechete zviri nyore. Europe inoda kudyidzana uye mamwe maekisesaizi akabatana pakati penyika dzinenge dzatova nehunyanzvi uhu uye dzine ongororo yekutyisidzira yakagovaniswa.

Hunhu hwekukonana kwecyber hunoita kuti musiyano uripo pakati penguva yerunyararo nenguva yehondo usashande. Vatambi vehurumende vane opaque hurongwa hwekuita seRussia neChina, pamwe nevasiri vezvematongerwo enyika vakaita semapoka ematsotsi uye hacktivists vanogona kupikisa masisitimu akakosha, kuunganidza hungwaru hwakakosha, uye kutanga kurwiswa kunovhiringidza vachiri pazasi pechikumbaridzo chehondo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Europe inofanirwa kutonga mhinduro yayo nemazvo.

Vasati vavhota mutungamiri wenyika muna 2024, 85,000 cyber kurwiswa yakarova masisitimu esarudzo eRomania. Izvi zvakaita kuti veRomanian intelligence community kuti simbisa pachena mawebhusaiti esarudzo enyika akaburitswa pamapuratifomu eRussia cybercrime maawa mashoma vagari vasati vaenda kunovhota. Muna 2024, maChinese matsotsi akabatana nesangano rehungwaru renyika MSS yakanangana nevamiriri veEuropean vanopikisa China kuburikidza necyberattacks kuunganidza data inonzwisisika.

Mune grey zone yecyber domain, yekudzivirira uye yekungomira iyo EU yakatora haina kukwana. Pasina simba rakasimba recyber, EU haigone kutyisidzira kutsiva, icho chinhu chakakosha chekudzivirira uye chinhu chakakosha chekuvimbika kwebloc mu. kuedza kwayo kuve yakakosha mune zvehondo.

European Commission yakaziva kurumidziro iyi mune yayo White Pepa reEuropean Defense, yakabudiswa muna Kurume 2025, iyo yakapinza imwe pragmatism yaidiwa zvakanyanya muEU cyber domain. "Zvese zvinodzivirira uye zvinogumbura cyber kugona zvinodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa uye rusununguko rwekuita mumhepo," akadaro.

Chengetedzo yeEurope, zvisinei, haigone kumirira kugadziridzwa kwezvirongwa zvitsva zvekutsigira kana zvakajairika cyber zvinogumbura kugona mukati mebloc. Nyaya yacho inonyanya kukosha. Pane kana kushaikwa kwekunzwisisa kwakafanana kwezvinoumba njodzi yecyber. KuHungary, iyo yakagadzira a yakakosha shanduko yedhijitari kudyidzana neHuawei, hazviwanzoita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vezvematongerwo enyika vabvume kuti China injodzi yecyber.

Saizvozvowo, hurumende yeSlovakia, inotungamirirwa na Russia-anonzwira tsitsi Fico, inogona kuratidza chipingamupinyi kukuedza kweEU kuita mabasa anogumbura kuMoscow. Idzi nyika mbiri chete dzinogona kurambira nyore danho rekugadzira yakabatana cyber inogumbura kugona sechikamu che European Common Security uye Defence Policy, iyo inoda kubatana pasarudzo dzayo dzemitemo. Pasina maonero akagovaniswa pamusoro pekuti chii chinotyisa chekuchengetedza, kuyedza EU-yakafara kuedza kwekubatana kunogumbura kugona mucyber kungave purojekiti isina chinhu isati yatanga.

Hapana nguva yekutambisa nepoliticking iyi. Nyika dzenhengo hadzifanirwe kumirira kubatana kweEU-yakawanda kushungurudza kugona mucyber. Vanofanira kutanga iko zvino, kuburikidza nekuzvidira maekisesaizi ekubatana pakati pevadyidzani vekuEurope uye nekudyidzana kwakawanda, kusanganisira nyika dzemumiriri weEU dzine ruzivo mukuita zvinhu zvinogumbura zvecyber, senge. Ukireni.

Semuenzaniso, vanogona kutarisa muPESCO (Permanent Structured Cooperation) Yakavambwa muna Zvita 2017 padanho reEU, idanho rinobvumira nhengo dzeEU dzinoda uye dzinokwanisa kushanda zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza nekudzivirira, pasina kuda chibvumirano chakabvumirana kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzenhengo. Sepuratifomu yekuzvidira, inobvumira nyika dzenhengo kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekudzivirira, kuisa mari mumapurojekiti akabatana, uye kuwedzera kugadzirira kwekushanda nekushanda pamwe chete.

Zvirongwa zveCyber ​​zvatove kuenderera mberi pasi pePESCO.The Cyber ​​​​Rapid Response Teams (CRRT) yakava yekutanga chirongwa chakadai kusvika pakukwanisa kushanda kwakazara muna Chivabvu 2021. Chirongwa ichi chinosanganisa 8-12 cybersecurity nyanzvi kubva kunyika nhanhatu dziri kutora chikamu EU (Croatia, Estonia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, uye Romania) kuti vape rubatsiro muchiitiko chezviitiko zvecyber zvakatenderedza nhengo dzeEU, masangano, uye nyika dzinodyidzana. Nyika dzakakwikwidza dzeEU dzine ruzivo mukurwisa cyber operation dzinogona kujoinha nekuwedzera chirongwa ichi chePESCO. Mubatanidzwa wakafara uyu unobva wawedzera kutarisa kwavo kuti ubatanidze majoini anogumbura cyber maekisesaizi.

PESCO yaibva kuti iwedzere. Nyika dziri nhengo dzinofanira kufunga nezvekuiwedzera nekubvumira nyika dziri kupinda muEU kuti dzibatane, asiwo nekuwedzera chiyero chekutarisa kwayo cyber kuti ibatanidze kugona kunogumbura uye majoint cyber offensive exercises.

Kudyidzana kunofanirawo kuve kwekutanga. Panyaya iyi, Nzvimbo dzekugovera ruzivo nekuongorora (ISAC) inoitirwa kukurudzira kubatana pakati penharaunda dzecybersecurity muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupfumi. Kugadzira maISAC ezve cyber zvinogumbura zvinogonesa kubvunzana kwevazhinji uye kuona mabhizimisi erutsigiro anodiwa, kusanganisira nekudzikisa mapepi matsvuku ekutanga izvo zvingangoda kuve nechekuita mukugadzira zvinogumbura cyber kugona kweEU.

EU inofanirwa kusimudzira hunyanzvi hwayo hwekushungurudza cyber nenzira yakareruka, kuburikidza nekuwedzera maekisesaizi, kusangana kwakawanda kuburikidza nekugovana ruzivo, uye kushomeka kwematepi kune vanoita zvehupfumi vanoda kuita basa iri. Nekudaro, kumirira kubvumirana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kugovaniswa kukura kuti kubude pachikamu chebloc-chinopokana uye chingasiya European Union ichitowedzera kumashure kwevatambi vehurumende avo vari kutoshandisa cyber zvinogumbura nehunyanzvi hukuru. Ne pragmatism, EU inofanirwa kuenderera mberi mukuvandudza hunyanzvi hwayo hwecyber, kunyangwe nekuunza pamwe chete avo vari kutoda kuenda.

Antonia-Laura Pup igwaro rehukama neYoung Voices Europe. Iye Mudzidzi weFulbright muSecurity Studies paGeorgetown University, kwaari kutsvaga pesvedzero yeChina mudunhu reBlack Sea. Kubva kuRomania, akambopa sachigaro weDare Redziviriro muparamende yeRomania. Akamboshanda zvakare kuOECD neEuropean Parliament.

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