Komisheni inogamuchira zvisungo neApple kuvhura mukana we "tap and go" tekinoroji paPhones

European Commission yakaita zvisungo zvakapihwa neApple zviri pamutemo zvinosunga pasi pemitemo yeEU antitrust. Zvisungo izvi zvinotarisana nemakwikwi eKomisheni zvine chekuita nekuramba kweApple kupa vakwikwidzi mukana kune yakajairwa tekinoroji inoshandiswa kubhadhara isingabatike nePhones muzvitoro ('Near-Field-Communication (NFC)' kana 'tora uende').

Makwikwi eKomisheni ane hanya

Apple Pay iApple's own mobile wallet inoshandiswa kubvumira vashandisi ve iPhone kubhadhara nemidziyo yavo muzvitoro nepamhepo. Apple's iPhones inomhanya chete paApple's operating system 'iOS'. Apple inodzora zvese zveecosystem yayo, kusanganisira yekuwana mamiriro evagadziri vewallet.

Komisheni yakamboona kuti Apple ine akakosha simba remusika mumusika weakangwara nharembozha uye chinzvimbo chepamusoro pamusika wemuchitoro chikwama chenhare paIOS. Apple Pay ndiyo yega chikwama chenhare chinogona kuwana iyo NFC hardware uye software ('NFC yekupinda') paIOS kubhadhara muzvitoro, sezvo Apple isingaite kuti iwanikwe kune wechitatu-bato nharembozha vanogadzira wallet.

Mukuferefeta kwayo, Komisheni yakambogumisa kuti Apple yakashandisa zvisizvo chinzvimbo chayo nekuramba kupa iyo NFC yekuisa paIOS kune vanokwikwidza nharembozha vanogadzira wallet, uku ichichengetera kuwana kwakadai kuApple Pay chete.

Maonero ekutanga eKomisheni ndeyekuti kuramba kweApple kwakabvisa vakwikwidzi veApple Pay pamusika uye zvakakonzera kushoma hunyanzvi uye sarudzo yevashandisi ve iPhone mobile wallet.

Maitiro akadai anogona kutyora Chisungo 102 cheChibvumirano cheKushanda kweEuropean Union ('TFEU'), iyo inorambidza kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwechinzvimbo.

Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weKomisheni Margrethe Vestager akati:

Komisheni yafunga kutambira zvisungo zvinopihwa neApple. Zvisungo izvi zvinogadzirisa matambudziko edu ekutanga kuti Apple inogona kunge yakarambidza zvisiri pamutemo makwikwi enharembozha paPhones.

Ndisati ndapinda muzvisungo, ndichatsanangura zvatakawana zvekutanga.

Apple yakavaka yakavharwa ecosystem yakatenderedza midziyo yayo uye masisitimu ekushandisa.

Uye mukati meiyi ecosystem, kune akawanda misika yemasevhisi. Pakati peaya masevhisi, pane mafoni ekubhadhara maapps - anonzi 'mobile wallets.'

Nharembozha wallet inobvumira kubhadhara nenharembozha, muzvitoro uye online. Vanosanganisawo mamwe masevhisi, semakadhi ekuvimbika, matikiti asingabatike ezviitiko, boarding pass kana zvitupa zvekuzivikanwa.

Mumakore apfuura, nharembozha dzakakura zvakanyanya. MuEurope, kushandiswa kwewallet muzvitoro kwakapetwa katatu mumakore mana apfuura.

Saka, chii chakatadza Apple?

Muna 2022, takasimudza kushushikana pamusoro pemaitiro eApple. Isu takaita izvo maererano neyayo yega mobile wallet mhinduro. Chekutanga chatakawana ndechekuti Apple yakashandisa zvisizvo chinzvimbo chayo nekudzora kuwana tekinoroji inodiwa kubhadhara nePhones.

MuEurope, tekinoroji inowanikwa zvakanyanya yekubhadhara nhare muzvitoro inonzi 'Near Field Communication', kana "NFC". Iyi tekinoroji inogonesa kutaurirana pasina waya pakati penhare mbozha nechitoro chekubhadhara mari. Inokubvumira kuti 'tap uye uende' nenharembozha yako.

NFC tekinoroji haina kugadzirwa neApple. Iyo tekinoroji yakamisikidzwa. Inoitwa kuti iwanikwe mahara. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe matekinoroji, sekubhadhara uchishandisa QR makodhi, inobvumira iyo yakachengeteka uye yakanyanya musono yekubhadhara nharembozha. Ndiyo mhinduro yakanyanya kupararira muEU.

Kuti ugadzire maapplication ekubhadhara nharembozha, kuwana tekinoroji yeNFC saka kwakakosha.

Mukuferefeta kwedu, takasvika pamhedziso nhatu dzekutanga.

Chekutanga, Apple inobata chinzvimbo chakakosha mumusika weakangwara nharembozha.

Chechipiri, Apple inotonga mumusika weNFC functionalities uye yenhare wallet yePhones.

Chechitatu, Apple yakaramba kupa mukana kune iyo NFC tekinoroji pa iPhone kukwikwidza vanogadzira wallet. Pane kudaro, Apple yakachengeta kushandiswa kweiyo NFC tekinoroji pa iPhone kune yayo yega chikwama chikwama mhinduro.

Pasina kuwana iyo iPhone's NFC functionalities, vakwikwidzi havagone kusvika vashandisi veApple. Saka, vashandisi ve iPhone vanogona chete kubhadhara neiyo 'tap uye enda' basa neApple Pay. Havakwanisi kubhadhara nemamwe mawallet.

Maitiro aya akatadzisa vanogadzira kuunza zvitsva uye zvinokwikwidza nharembozha kune vashandisi ve iPhone.

Nekusabatanidza vamwe, Apple yakadzivirira zvisizvo yayo chikwama chenhare kubva kumakwikwi.

Chatakatanga kuwana ndechekuti Apple yakashandisa zvisizvo chinzvimbo chayo chikuru nekuramba kupa tekinoroji yeNFC kune vanokwikwidza vagadziri vewallet.

Nekubvisa vakwikwidzi kubva pamusika, inogona kunge yakave nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakuvandudza. Uku kuderedzwa kwesarudzo uye hutsva kunokuvadza. Zvinokuvadza kune vatengi uye hazvisi pamutemo pasi pemitemo yemakwikwi eEU.

Kugadzirisa zvinonetsa izvi, Apple yakapa seti yezvipikirwa kutanga kwegore rino.

Mumwedzi yapfuura, takaedza pasuru. Isu tine mhinduro yekuti mishonga yacho inogona kushanda here. Dai vaigona kugadzirisa zvinotinetsa. 

Nyaya yacho yakamutsa kufarira kukuru. Mabhangi mazhinji, vagadziri veapp, vanoburitsa makadhi, uye masangano ezvemari vakatipa mhinduro yavo. Takatarisa zvakanyanya pane izvo zvataurwa uye tikakumbira Apple kuti ivandudze zvisungo zvavo. Ipapo Apple yakapa mishonga yakavandudzwa. Uye tiri pano nhasi, tichigadzira mishonga iyi inosunga paApple.

Zvisungo zvinounza shanduko dzakakosha pamashandiro anoita Apple muEurope kubatsira vanokwikwidza uye vatengi.

Kutanga, Apple inozvipira kupa mukana weNFC kushanda kune wechitatu-bato nhare wallet. Kupinda uku kuchave pasina muripo.

Zvichaitika mune inonzi "Host Card Emulation mode". Iyi isoftware mhinduro inobvumira anokwikwidza wallet kuita yakachengeteka NFC kubhadhara. Apple Pay, kune rumwe rutivi, inovimba nekuwana kune hardware "yakachengeteka chinhu" mu iPhone. Isu tinobvuma kuzvipira kweApple nekuti inopa mhinduro yakaenzana maererano nekuchengetedza uye ruzivo rwemushandisi. Uye zviri nyore kuita zvese kune Apple uye wallet vanogadzira. Chokwadi, mamwe wallet anotoshandisa iyi mhinduro mune Android nharaunda.

Chechipiri, Apple yakazvipira kugonesa kuwana kune zvakakosha zvinoshanda zviripo paPhones. Izvi zvinosanganisira Double-Click uye Face ID. Vashandisi ve iPhone vanozokwanisa kudzvanya kaviri bhatani repadivi remaPhones avo kuti vatange yavo yekubhadhara yavanoda. Makwikwi ewallet anozokwanisa kushandisa Face ID, Bata ID uye passcode kuratidza kuzivikanwa kwevashandisi.

Chechitatu, Apple ichaitawo kuti vashandisi vaite chikwama chesarudzo yavo ive yakajairwa sarudzo pamaPhones avo. Izvi zvinozivikanwawo sekuseta iyo default sarudzo.

Zvisungo izvi zvinoshanda kune vashandisi vakanyoresa muEuropean Economic Area, kusanganisira kana vaenda kunze kwenyika.

Uye Apple haizodzivise vanogadzira kubva kusanganisa kubhadhara kweNFC nedzimwe nyaya dzekushandisa, semuenzaniso makadhi ekufambisa, kutonga kwekuwana, matikiti emakonsati, zvitupa zvekuzivikanwa kwedhijitari. Zvese zvaungave nazvo muwallet.

Apple ine kusvika ku25th yaJuly kuti vaite zvavakavimbisa. Kubva pazuva rino, vanogadzira vachakwanisa kupa chikwama chenhare pa iPhone ne "tap uye enda" chiitiko icho kusvika parizvino chakachengeterwa Apple Pay.

Zvisungo zvicharamba zviripo kwemakore gumi. Kuteerera kweApple kuchave kunosimbiswa neanotarisisa trustee. Uye kuchave nekukurumidza kugadzirisa gakava nzira, iyo inobvumirawo kuti iongororwe yakazvimirira yekuitwa kweApple.

Zvipikirwa zvanhasi zvinopedza kuongorora kwedu kweApple Pay.

Nekuda kwezvipikirwa izvi, vashandisi ve iPhone vanozokwanisa kushandisa yavo yavanoda nharembozha yekubhadhara muzvitoro. Ivo vanozogona kuzviita vachinakidzwa zvese zvinoshanda zve iPhone, kusanganisira tap-and-go, Double-Click uye FaceID.

Chekupedzisira, zvisungo zvinozoshanda zvakafanana nezvisungo zveApple pasi pemimwe mitemo.

European Central Bank yakasimbisa kutsigira kwayo zvisungo izvi. Izvo zvisungo hazvina rusaruro kune zvimwe zvisungo zvinogona kushanda pasi peiyo digital euro, iyo inozodzorwa zvakasiyana.

Apple zvakare ine zvisungo pasi peDigital Markets Act. Chokwadi, iyo DMA inoda vachengeti vemagedhi kuti vave nechokwadi chekudyidzana nehardware uye software maficha avanoshandisa mukati meecosystems. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwana tekinoroji yeNFC yekubhadhara nharembozha.

Sarudzo yanhasi saka ine chekuita nebhizinesi maitiro akafukidzwa neDMA: mu-chitoro kubhadhara ne iPhone uchishandisa NFC tekinoroji.

Zvisungo zvinounzawo zvinopfuura zvinodiwa neDMA. Semuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira kuongorora uye kugadzirisa gakava. Tiri kutarisira kuona kushandiswa mukuita. Zvirongwa izvi zvichatibatsira kuita izvozvo.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti antitrust enforcement inofambidzana neDMA.

Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, Apple haichakwanise kushandisa kutonga kwayo pamusoro peiyo iPhone ecosystem kuchengetedza mamwe mawallet enhare kubva pamusika. Vanokwikwidza vanogadzira wallet, pamwe nevatengi, vanozobatsirwa nekuchinja uku, kuvhura hutsva uye sarudzo, uchichengeta kubhadhara. 

Zvisungo

Kugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvemakwikwi eKomisheni, Apple pakutanga yakapa zvisungo zvinotevera:

• Kubvumidza wechitatu-bato wallet vanopa kuwana kune iyo NFC yekuisa paIOS zvishandiso mahara, pasina kushandisa Apple Pay kana Apple Wallet. Apple ichagonesa kupinda kuNFC muHost Card Emulation mode ('HCE'). HCE inobvumira kuchengetedza zvakachengetedzeka zvitupa zvekubhadhara uye kupedzisa kutengeserana uchishandisa NFC, pasina kuvimba nechinhu chakachengeteka chemukati-mudziyo.
• Kushandisa nzira yakanaka, ine chinangwa, yakajeka uye isina rusarura uye maitiro ekukodzera kupa NFC mukana kune wechitatu-bato mobile wallet app vanogadzira.
• Kugonesa vashandisi kuseta nyore nyore HCE yekubhadhara app seyavo yekusarudzika app yekubhadhara muzvitoro uye kushandisa zvinoshanda senge Field Detect (iyo inovhura iyo mushandisi yekubhadhara yakasarudzika app kana yakavharwa iPhone yaunzwa kumuverengi weNFC), tinya kaviri. (iyo inotangisa iyo default kubhadhara app kana uchidzvanya kaviri kudivi refoni kana bhatani repamba), uye maturusi echokwadi akadai Bata ID, Face ID, uye mudziyo passcode.
• Kumisikidza nzira yekutarisa uye yakaparadzana kugadzirisa gakava kubvumidza kuongororwa kwakazvimirira kwesarudzo dzeApple dzinorambidza kupinda.
• Kuisa zvisungo zvataurwa pamusoro kune vese vechitatu-bato nhare vanogadzira nharembozha dzakamiswa muEuropean Economic Area ('EEA') uye kune vese vashandisi veIOS vane Apple ID yakanyoreswa muEEA, zvakare pavanenge vachifamba kwenguva pfupi kunze kweEEA.

Pakati pe19 Ndira 2024 uye 19 Kukadzi 2024, Musika weKomisheni wakaedza zvisungo zveApple ndokubvunza vese vanofarira vechitatu kuti vaone kana vaizobvisa zvainetsa pamakwikwi. Tichifunga nezvemhedzisiro yekuyedzwa kwemusika uyu, Apple yakagadziridza chikumbiro chekutanga ndokuzvipira:

• Kuwedzera mukana wekutanga kubhadhara neHCE maapplication ekubhadhara kune mamwe maindasitiri-ane certification terminals, senge nhare dzevatengesi kana zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa seterminal (inodaidzwa kuti SoftPOS), kana izvi zvagoneswa.
• Kubvuma pachena kuti Vagadziri veHCE havatadziswe kusanganisa basa rekubhadhara reHCE nemamwe maNFC anoshanda kana makesi ekushandisa.
• Kubvisa zvinodiwa kuti vanogadzira vave nerezenisi sePayment Service Provider ('PSP') kana chibvumirano chinosunga nePSP kuti vawane mapindiro eNFC.
• Kubvumidza kuwana kweNFC kune vanogadzira kufanovaka maapplication ekubhadhara kune wechitatu bato mobile wallet vanopa.
• Kugadziridza dhizaini yeHCE kuti ienderane neyakasimukira indasitiri zviyero zvinoshandiswa neApple Pay, uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza zviyero kunyangwe zvisisaitwe neApple Pay, mune mamwe mamiriro.
• Kugonesa vanogadzira kukurudzira vashandisi kuti vamise zviri nyore yavo yekubhadhara yakareruka app uye redirectuser kune yakasarudzika NFC peji peji, ichigonesa kusarongeka nekungodzvanya kushoma.
• Kutevedzera zvakafanana indasitiri zvakajairwa sevagadziri veHCE kubhadhara maapplication uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakavanzika rwakawanikwa mumamiriro ekuongorora.
• Kupfupisa mazuva ekupedzisira ekugadzirisa kusawirirana. Zvakare, Apple yakapa humwe rusununguko uye vimbiso dzemaitiro kune anotarisa trustee.

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